In Islamic thought, ʿiṣmah is a key concept for explaining the integrity of religion and establishing trust in divine leaders. Accordingly, Imami theologians have examined issues such as the nature of infallibility and the way in which the Infallibles are protected from sin and error. The importance of this doctrine has also drawn the attention of Orientalists, who have analyzed infallibility and reflected various Imami perspectives. Using a analytical method and library sources, this study evaluates the accuracy of Orientalists’ understanding and transmission of Imami views and reaches the following conclusions: some Orientalists have not conveyed the complete theological definition of infallibility as articulated by Imami theologians; however, others, by referring to the works of prominent scholars, have defined infallibility as a technical theological term. Orientalists have explained the reality of infallibility either as a special divine grace bestowed upon the Infallibles or as a kind of spiritual disposition. They have also reported various explanations of how protection from sin and error is realized, including motives for abstaining from sin, divine commands and prohibitions, divine light, knowledge, intellect, or a combination of these factors. The relatively success of some Orientalists in reporting Imami views stems from their use of authoritative Shiʿi sources. Nevertheless, most Orientalists limited themselves to a small number of Imami opinions, which prevented them from reflecting the diversity of Imami viewpoints and the clearer positions of later theologians. Among them, Donaldson, due to his reliance on later and more comprehensive sources, has provided the most thorough account.