The question of whether the historical existence of Muhammad (PBUH) is a reality
or an illusion is among the bold and skeptical questions and conclusions that have
emerged since the 1970s onward among the reformist orientalist movement following
the skepticism of Islamic sources and after that, it found independent and popular
writings in the western world.
Although the discussions of this class often do not achieve their main goal at first,
they inject a spirit of skepticism and doubt into other foundations of Islam within the
Islamic community.
In this writing, using an analytical-descriptive method to fully elucidate the origins
and formation process of the skeptical-denial perspective regarding the personality
of the Prophet of Islam, while pointing to the fundamental arguments of this view in
the explication of theories such as the lack of mention of the name of Muhammad
in foreign sources contemporary with the beginning of Islam,, the unreliability of
Islamic narrative heritage, the inconsistency of the geographical characteristics of
present-day Mecca with the birthplace of Islam and its Prophet, and the contradictions
of radiocarbon testing results of Quranic manuscripts with traditional history,
along with a comparative historical approach and methods of persuasion and debate
relying on several credible narratives from the contemporary global history of
the advent of Islam, the historical reality of him is explicitly established, leaving no
room for doubt and denial.