Review and Criticism of Betty Klein's Opinions about the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) Case Study of the Phenomenon of Revelation and Encounter with the People of the Book

Forouhi, Arman; Kermani, Amirhossein

doi:10.22034/iso.2025.2062353.1134

Review and Criticism of Betty Klein's Opinions about the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) Case Study of the Phenomenon of Revelation and Encounter with the People of the Book

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

arman forouhi ¹

amirhossein kermani ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Iranian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.

² M.S

10.22034/iso.2025.2062353.1134

Abstract

The life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has consistently attracted the attention
of Western scholars of Islam. In the contemporary era, Western research on
the Prophet Muhammad spans a wide spectrum—from academic studies to works
aimed at the public. One of the Orientalists who has presented her views with a particular
focus on the Western lay audience is Betty Kelen (2006). Her book, Muhammad:
The Messenger of God, written within the field of Eastern religions and
history, is noteworthy in its approach and scope.
This article aims to introduce, analyze, and critically assess Betty Kelen’s perspectives
on the biography (sīrah) of the Prophet (PBUH), with special emphasis on the
phenomenon of revelation and his interactions with the People of the Book. The
study employs a descriptive–analytical method based on library research.
The findings indicate thatKelen’s portrayal of the Prophet’sMeccan andMedinan periods,
compared with twentieth-century Orientalist writings, seeks to present a clear and
accessible narrative of the Prophet’s life, free from theological intricacies and sectarian
biases. However, her selective use of sources and her interpretation of key socio-religioustransformationsduringthePropheticeraareopentoseriousscholarlycritique.

Keywords

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Betty Kelen

revelation

Quran

People of the Book